Research on the behavior and ecology of chimpanzees in Kalinzu Forest was initiated by Hashimoto in 1992. Although the study was briefly interrupted, full-scale research resumed in 1996. Habituation progressed rapidly, and by the end of that year, nearly all males and most females of the M group—comprising around 100 individuals—had been individually identified, a practice that continues to this day.
The Kalinzu Forest Reserve is managed not only for forest conservation but also as a production area to ensure a stable supply of timber. Under an agreement with the European Commission, which provides technical and financial support, the ratio of zones—Strict Nature Reserve, Buffer Zone, Research/Recreation Zone, and Production Zone—has been formally established.
Initially, only selective logging of Parinari excelsa for use as support pillars in copper mine tunnels was conducted (red compartment in the left figure), which had minimal impact on chimpanzees and other wildlife. However, in 1998, the National Forestry Authority (NFA) decided to sell logging rights to private companies, allowing logging in about one compartment per year (yellow compartment). Although this logging was intended to be selective, targeting specific tree species and diameters to ensure minimal impact on forest vegetation and allow regeneration within 30 years, unauthorized logging of non-permitted trees, cutting of smaller trees for use as supports during sawmilling, and charcoal production using leftover branches resulted in significant damage to the forest.
Logging activities in 1998
In response to this situation, we proposed a plan to swap the eastern area—rich in forest but designated as a Production Zone—with the southern area—largely deforested but designated as a Research/Recreation Zone. The plan also aimed to generate a higher income for the NFA than could be earned through logging rights.
Accepting this proposal, the NFA formed a collaborative group comprising the Forestry Authority, local universities, and our research team. In 2002, they conducted a stakeholder analysis in 12 villages adjacent to Kalinzu Forest and officially designated the eastern area as a protected forest, launching an ecotourism project. In the same year, we established a certified non-profit organization (NPO) and have since continued activities that combine primate behavioral ecological research with community development, ecotourism support, and environmental education.
Workshop in villages
Review of compartment
